All over the world in recent years, the number of new solar photovoltaic systems installed on roofs has increased significantly. Energy storage systems allow consumers to accumulate electricity generated by solar photovoltaic cells on the roof and consume it later when necessary, or to sell it on the grid. This makes solar photovoltaic panels on roofs more economically attractive than buying electricity from power grids.

The urban environment provides a large amount of empty rooftop spaces and can inherently avoid the potential land use and environmental concerns. Estimating rooftop solar insolation is a multi-faceted process, as insolation values in rooftops are impacted by the following: